Physico-Chemical and Heavy Metal Valences Reduction of Wastewater from The Beverage Industry by Fungi (Penicillium Sp)

  • Kola Ahmad Lawal Osun State College of Technology
  • Adeyinka Adekanmi Abideen Raw Materials Research and Development Council (RMRDC)
  • Ibraheem Kehinde Lawal Osun State College of Technology
  • Oluwafemi Akinkunmi Owolabi Osun State College of Technology
  • Kafayat Funmi Bamidele Obafemi Awolowo University
  • Micheal Ajewole Oluwagbemiga Osun State College of Technology
Keywords: Environmental Issues, Health Hazards, Industrial Activities, Water Pollution, Wastewater Treatment

Abstract

This work aimed to characterize beverage wastewater generated in the beverage industry and to assess wastewater treatment plant performance by fungi (Penicillium sp.) and the feasibility of wastewater reuse. Freshly discharged beverage wastewater was collected and analyzed for the physicochemical parameters such as Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Nitrate, Phosphate, Magnesium, Calcium, Iron, Copper, and Zinc by standard methods. At a 7-day interval, 190ml of the sterilized local dye wastewater was inoculated with Penicillium sp. for two weeks, and the physicochemical parameters were determined. The results observed for raw, bio-treated and removal efficiency showed: BOD (280 mg-1, 255 mg-1 , 108 mg-1 and 19.64 %, 61.43 %); COD (540 mg-1, 420 mg-1, 285 mg-1 and 43.75%, 88.13%); Nitrate (130 mg-1, 90 mg-1, 25 mg-1 and 30.77%, 80.77%); Phosphate (48 mg-1, 25 mg-1, 5 mg-1 and 30.91%, 78.18%); Calcium (55 mg-1, 38 mg-1, 12 mg-1 and 30.91%, 78.18%); Iron (29 mg-1, 18 mg-1, 07 mg-1 and 37.93 %, 75.86 %); Copper (0.09 mg-1, 0.07 mg-1, 0.02 mg-1 and 22.22 %, 77.78 %); Zinc (0.08, 0.06, 0.03 mg-1 and 22.5%). Fungi (Penicillium sp.) demonstrated the ability to remove pollutants and other wastes from beverage wastewater. These results indicate that some companies employing treatment methods for their effluents do not remove the parameters and heavy metals.

References

S. Solomon, C. Yadessa, T. Girma, and F. Daniel, “Heavy metal concentrations and physicochemical characteristics of effluent along the discharge route from Hawassa textile factory, Ethiopia,” J Env. Anal Toxicol, vol. 5, no. 4, 2015.

A. N. Shaibu and A. A. Audu, “Evaluation of Physiochemical Parameters and Some Heavy Metals from Tannery Effluents of Sharada and Challawa Industrial Areas of Kano State, Nigeria,” Niger. J. Basic Appl. Sci., vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 162–171, 2019.

E. Bernard and A. Ogunleye, “Evaluation of tannery effluent content in Kano metropolis, Kano State Nigeria,” Int. J. Phys. Sci., vol. 10, no. 9, pp. 306–310, 2015.

T. Uma, N. Saravanan, and N. Jothi Narendiran, “Comparative analysis of physico-chemical characters and heavy metals in dye industry effluent and sugarcane industry effluent along with lake water,” Magnesium, vol. 105, no. 54.74, pp. 26–65, 2016.

N. Gujre et al., “Speciation, contamination, ecological and human health risks assessment of heavy metals in soils dumped with municipal solid wastes,” Chemosphere, vol. 262, p. 128013, 2021.

M. Pujari and D. Kapoor, “Heavy metals in the ecosystem: Sources and their effects,” in Heavy metals in the environment, Elsevier, 2021, pp. 1–7.

J. Peng, Y. Chen, Q. Xia, G. Rong, and J. Zhang, “Ecological risk and early warning of soil compound pollutants (HMs, PAHs, PCBs and OCPs) in an industrial city, Changchun, China,” Environ. Pollut., vol. 272, p. 116038, 2021.

C. O. Ogunkunle, D. A. Odulaja, F. O. Akande, M. Varun, V. Vishwakarma, and P. O. Fatoba, “Cadmium toxicity in cowpea plant: Effect of foliar intervention of nano-TiO2 on tissue Cd bioaccumulation, stress enzymes and potential dietary health risk,” J. Biotechnol., vol. 310, pp. 54–61, 2020.

T. C. Vieira et al., “Evaluation of the bioaccumulation kinetics of toxic metals in fish (A. brasiliensis) and its application on monitoring of coastal ecosystems,” Mar. Pollut. Bull., vol. 151, p. 110830, 2020.

M. S. Shokr et al., “Spatial distribution of heavy metals in the middle nile delta of Egypt,” Int. Soil Water Conserv. Res., vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 293–303, 2016.

E. C. Brevik et al., “Soil and human health: current status and future needs,” Air, Soil Water Res., vol. 13, p. 1178622120934441, 2020.

I. K. da Silva Correia, P. F. Santos, C. S. Santana, J. B. Neris, F. H. M. Luzardo, and F. G. Velasco, “Application of coconut shell, banana peel, spent coffee grounds, eucalyptus bark, piassava (Attalea funifera) and water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes) in the adsorption of Pb2+ and Ni2+ ions in water,” J. Environ. Chem. Eng., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 2319–2334, 2018.

S. Saroop and S. Tamchos, “Monitoring and impact assessment approaches for heavy metals,” in Heavy Metals in the Environment, Elsevier, 2021, pp. 57–86.

L. Joseph, B.-M. Jun, J. R. V Flora, C. M. Park, and Y. Yoon, “Removal of heavy metals from water sources in the developing world using low-cost materials: A review,” Chemosphere, vol. 229, pp. 142–159, 2019.

A. U. Rehman et al., “Toxicity of heavy metals in plants and animals and their uptake by magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles,” J. Mol. Liq., vol. 321, p. 114455, 2021.

P. Grenni et al., “Effectiveness of a new green technology for metal removal from contaminated water,” Microchem. J., vol. 147, pp. 1010–1020, 2019.

D. Kumar and E. A. Khan, “Remediation and detection techniques for heavy metals in the environment,” in Heavy metals in the environment, Elsevier, 2021, pp. 205–222.

C. S. Patil et al., “Waste tea residue as a low cost adsorbent for removal of hydralazine hydrochloride pharmaceutical pollutant from aqueous media: An environmental remediation,” J. Clean. Prod., vol. 206, pp. 407–418, 2019.

S. Pfister, L. Scherer, and K. Buxmann, “Water scarcity footprint of hydropower based on a seasonal approach-Global assessment with sensitivities of model assumptions tested on specific cases,” Sci. Total Environ., vol. 724, p. 138188, 2020.

B. Adelodun et al., “Assessment of socioeconomic inequality based on virus-contaminated water usage in developing countries: a review,” Environ. Res., vol. 192, p. 110309, 2021.

M. E. Goher, M. H. H. Ali, and S. M. El-Sayed, “Heavy metals contents in Nasser Lake and the Nile River, Egypt: an overview,” Egypt. J. Aquat. Res., vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 301–312, 2019.

N. Pandey and A. Tiwari, “Human health risk assessment of heavy metals in different soils and sediments,” in Heavy Metals in the Environment, Elsevier, 2021, pp. 143–163.

M. W. Yap, N. M. Mubarak, J. N. Sahu, and E. C. Abdullah, “Microwave induced synthesis of magnetic biochar from agricultural biomass for removal of lead and cadmium from wastewater,” J. Ind. Eng. Chem., vol. 45, pp. 287–295, 2017.

S. Nag, A. Mondal, D. N. Roy, N. Bar, and S. K. Das, “Sustainable bioremediation of Cd (II) from aqueous solution using natural waste materials: kinetics, equilibrium, thermodynamics, toxicity studies and GA-ANN hybrid modelling,” Environ. Technol. Innov., vol. 11, pp. 83–104, 2018.

J. Mateo-Sagasta, S. M. Zadeh, H. Turral, and J. Burke, “Water pollution from agriculture: a global review. Executive summary,” 2017.

X. Cai, B. Zhu, H. Zhang, L. Li, and M. Xie, “Can direct environmental regulation promote green technology innovation in heavily polluting industries? Evidence from Chinese listed companies,” Sci. Total Environ., vol. 746, p. 140810, 2020.

J. J. Steffan, J. A. Derby, and E. C. Brevik, “Soil pathogens that may potentially cause pandemics, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronaviruses,” Curr. Opin. Environ. Sci. Heal., vol. 17, pp. 35–40, 2020.

WHO, “Weekly Operational Update on COVID-19, 21 August 2020,” 2020. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/wou-4-september-2020-approved.pdf?sfvrsn=91215c78_4 (accessed Aug. 21, 2020).

A. You-Joe, D. F. Kampbell, and G. P. Breidenbach, “Escherichia coli and total coliform in water and sediment in lake manner,” J. Environ. Poll, vol. 120, no. 3, pp. 771–778, 2003.

N. Giannoulis, V. Maipa, I. Konstantinou, T. Albanis, and I. Dimoliatis, “Microbiological risk assessment of Agios Georgios source supplies in Northwestern Greece based on faecal coliforms determination and sanitary inspection survey,” Chemosphere, vol. 58, no. 9, pp. 1269–1276, 2005.

J. O. Akarinwor and O. Gwin, “Effect of microbial load on indo food (indomie) effluent discharge on physiochemical property of New Calabar river in Choaba JN,” Environ, vol. 313, pp. 195–204, 2006.

K. Agedengbe, A. O. Akinwole, and A. O. Babatunde, “Effluents characteristics of selected industries in western Nigeria and implications for re-use in agricultural production,” J. Environ. Ext., vol. 4, pp. 79–82, 2003.

P. Mu and D. T. Plummer, Introduction to practical biochemistry. Tata McGraw-Hill Education, 2001.

S. Z. Sabae, M. M. Hazaa, S. A. Aballah, N. Awny, and S. M. Dabbor, “Studies on bacterial indicators of water pollution and bioremediater isolates for Cu2+, Fe2+ and Zn2+ in Rosetta Brach River Nile, Egypt,” Egypt. J. Biotechnol., vol. 22, pp. 77–104, 2006.

and A. P. H. A. Water Environmental Federation, “Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater,” Am. Public Heal. Assoc. Washington, DC, USA, 2005.

A. A. Adekanmi, A. S. Adekanmi, and U. T. Adekanmi, “Biotreatment of Slaughterhouse Waste Water by Microalgae,” United Int. J. Res. Technol., vol. 1, no. 9, pp. 19–30, 2020.

R. del Pozo, D. O. Taş, H. Dulkadiroğlu, D. Orhon, and V. Diez, “Biodegradability of slaughterhouse wastewater with high blood content under anaerobic and aerobic conditions,” J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. Int. Res. Process. Environ. Clean Technol., vol. 78, no. 4, pp. 384–391, 2003.

J. Vollertsen and T. Hvitved-Jacobsen, “Biodegradability of wastewater–a method for COD-fractionation,” Water Sci. Technol., vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 25–34, 2002.

W. H. Organization, “Training for health care providers: adverse health effects of heavy metals in children,” Retrieved January, vol. 20, p. 2020, 2011.

Published
2022-12-27
How to Cite
[1]
K. A. Lawal, A. A. Abideen, I. K. Lawal, O. A. Owolabi, K. F. Bamidele, and M. A. Oluwagbemiga, “Physico-Chemical and Heavy Metal Valences Reduction of Wastewater from The Beverage Industry by Fungi (Penicillium Sp)”, Int. J. Environ. Eng. Educ., vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 83-92, Dec. 2022.
Section
Research Article