Impact of Atmospheric Parameters on Human Respiratory Tract Infections (RTIs)

Buhari Samaila; Zaharaddin Muhammad  Kalgo

doi:10.55151/ijeedu.v6i2.137

Buhari Samaila Department of Physics with Electronics, Federal University Birnin Kebbi (FUBK), Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, PMB 1157 Kalgo, Nigeria
Zaharaddin Muhammad Kalgo Department of Microbiology, Federal University Birnin Kebbi (FUBK), Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, PMB 1157 Kalgo, Nigeria

DOI: https://doi.org/10.55151/ijeedu.v6i2.137

Keywords: Air Pollution, Metrological Parameters, Morbidity, Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI), Temperature

Abstract

Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are a significant public health issue globally, with varying degrees of severity and implications. Environmental factors, particularly atmospheric parameters, can exacerbate these health conditions. Understanding the relationship between atmospheric conditions and RTIs is crucial for effective public health interventions. This systematic literature review analyzes research on the impact of atmospheric parameters on RTIs through a systematic search across multiple electronic databases using different keyword combinations. The retrieved articles were categorized based on atmospheric parameters investigated, such as temperature, humidity, air pollution, and rainfall. The review findings indicate that various atmospheric factors, including wind speed, air pollution (PM10, PM2.5, CO, and O₃), air temperature, atmospheric pressure, and humidity, influence the occurrence and severity of respiratory infections. Low wind speed and high air pollution were identified as risk factors for severe acute respiratory infection (SARI). In children, meteorological factors like air temperature, atmospheric pressure, rainfall, sunlight hours, wind speed, and relative humidity were associated with lower respiratory tract infections. Pollutants like PM2.5, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and tropospheric ozone directly impact pediatric respiratory infections. Climate variables affect the seasonal activity of pathogens like respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). These findings underscore the importance of considering atmospheric parameters in understanding and preventing RTIs. Addressing these challenges requires a comprehensive approach integrating environmental and public health interventions. This approach can better mitigate the effects of atmosphere-related risks on respiratory health.

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