IJEEDU expects the author list to accurately identify the people who made substantial intellectual contributions to a manuscript and who accept responsibility for the published work. To qualify as an author, an individual must meet all four of the following criteria:

• Make a substantial contribution to the conception or design of the work, or to the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of its data;
• Draft the manuscript or review it critically for important intellectual content;
• Approve the final version to be published; and
• Agree to be accountable for the work and to help ensure that questions about its accuracy or integrity are appropriately investigated and resolved.

Everyone who meets all four criteria should be included as an author. Individuals who contributed but do not meet all four criteria should be acknowledged, with their specific contributions described and their permission to be named obtained. Funding acquisition, general supervision, administrative support, language editing, or technical assistance alone does not establish authorship. Gift, guest, and ghost authorship are unacceptable.

The authors should agree on authorship and author order before submission and review these arrangements if contributions change. The corresponding author is responsible for communicating with the journal, ensuring that all authors approve the submitted and final versions, and providing accurate information about contributions, funding, conflicts of interest, and required ethical approvals. All authors remain responsible for their own contributions and should be able to identify which co-authors are responsible for other parts of the work.

A request to add, remove, or reorder authors after submission must include an explanation and written agreement from all affected authors, including anyone being added or removed. After publication, an approved authorship change will be recorded through an appropriate published notice. If the authors cannot resolve a substantive authorship dispute, IJEEDU may seek clarification from the institution or institutions where the work was conducted; the editors do not adjudicate competing claims of contribution.

Generative AI tools cannot be listed as authors because they cannot approve a manuscript or accept responsibility for it. Authors must disclose relevant use of such tools in accordance with IJEEDU’s Generative AI Policy.